All-stable-state ultraviolet lasers happen to be commonly used in the fields of mechanical flaw detection, lithography, micromachining and drugs for the advantages of little volume, prolonged existence, superior effectiveness, very good beam excellent, huge tuning and narrow spectral line, etcetera. Using superior electric power in the vicinity of-infrared coherent gentle source as the elemental frequency source based on nonlinear tuning technology, producing ultraviolet coherent radiation by multistage frequency conversion is considered a crucial method to acquire the ultraviolet coherent mild resource.
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Based on the evidence-of-basic principle experiment, the conversion efficiency of 23% implied the potential of obtaining superior-power at the second Stokes wavelength of the Raman laser. When the pump laser of 1078 nm could possibly be obtained at the normal ability of 50 W, the output electricity of its 2nd Stokes wavelength at 1512 nm may very well be much more than ten W. The look of the Raman laser cavity should be optimized to be able to stay away from the injury from the M1 and diamond area.
As an example, The existing concave OC could get replaced by a aircraft mirror which could mitigate the ability density within the surface of M1 and also the diamond. Also, using superior hurt threshold coatings for M1 and diamond would also improve the output ability with no damages. Then, the NIR laser on the 2nd Stokes wavelength could be substantial sufficient, together with its great beam good quality, to make the final DUV laser at 193 nm using a superior typical electrical power.
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Mainly because of the thermal lens outcome from the strong-point out lasers, In the event the heating administration is insufficient, it is not uncomplicated to obtain the sound-point out laser by using a high electric power along with a significant beam high quality at the same time. Not too long ago, with the event of The skinny disk laser and solitary-crystal fiber (SCF) laser, a high-electricity laser at the elemental wavelength (one μm) were realized with a very good beam high quality In spite of a TEM00 manner beam [four,24], which would be very good candidates for the elemental with the DUV laser technology. A further prospect for the basic could be the significant-electric power fiber laser which may very well be realized by coherent beam blend with M2 worth a lot less than 1.
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Inside the scientific and industrial programs, the beam top quality from the DUV laser is additionally a crucial parameter. Especially, the beam high quality of the DUV laser radically influences the laser machining final results. The beam high quality of your DUV laser is set by that of the fundamental laser as well as the crystal for your frequency conversion. Recently, a superior-electricity DUV laser (>10 W) at 258 nm was described using a beam quality of M2 < 1.five, which was generated by FHG of the Yb:YAG laser at 1030 nm utilizing the CLBO crystal [13]. This laser would bring on a much better laser machining final result when compared with the former DUV lasers with larger M2.
The heart beat length of the second Stokes light-weight was shortened to five ns as shown in Determine 7a, an individual-shot picture from the oscilloscope, that is a common phenomenon in Raman laser [forty four] whilst the heart beat duration on the pump laser was ten ns.
Cesium Lithium Borate (CsLiB6O10 or CLBO) is the simplest non-linear crystal which generates ultraviolet harmonics of the Nd:YAG fundamental laser wavelength. So as to enrich the hurt threshold, low CLBO surface roughness, by extremely-precision machining, is needed. Because the CLBO crystal has quick hydroscopic response and micro scratches in machining, ultra-exact machining of the CLBO crystal is often a tough specialized problem.
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The conversion efficiency from essential NIR to DUV is from 5% to 36% in accordance with the documented brings about Table one. Increasing the conversion effectiveness will lessen the burden on the design and set up of the elemental laser amplifier along with the electric powered ability usage. A fantastic beam quality of the fundamental laser may even add into the growing in the conversion effectiveness and the suitable energy intensity from the NIR and eco-friendly laser from the SHG and FHG system, respectively. The best conversion efficiencies from NIR to green and environmentally friendly to DUV laser by usage of CLBO crystal are 70% and all-around fifty%, respectively [12], which corresponds towards the conversion efficiency of 35% from essential to DUV.
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